Thursday, August 30, 2012
The generative grammar
Chomsky says that there is a universal grammar that is part of the genetic heritage of human beings, which at birth, we have a basic linguistic pattern determining which are molded all languages. This unique capability is unique to the human species and the common use of language is evidence of the big possibilities of the creative potential linguistic of humanity.
Indeed, Chomsky realized that the skill with which children learn the language even though they had little experience outside and lacking even a framework on which to base their understanding, may be due to the ability to not only the language but also basic grammar are innate is almost certain, he says, that people are not born 'programmed' for a language in particuar (a Chinese baby raised in USA speak English to an American identically while circling an American of Chinese-speaking people speak identically to a Chinese Chinese) fashion such that there is a universal grammar underlying structure of all languages. Chomsky used a system of symbols comparable to mathematical operations in order to make operations such universal grammar.
The controversy between these two possibilities given by heredity or environmental influences, has a long history. The truth is that it is extremely difficult to make a strict separation between the two categories, because their deployment to the reality seems to demonstrate that both merge and feed.
As is known, the theoretical line of behaviorism, argues that all behavior is acquired through learning since birth, humans are blank tables and for this reason it is possible to mold any conduct in humans through training. Chomsky criticizes the behaviorist position as it believes that its simplicity is not consistent with what happens in reality. In the particular case of language, it is remarkable how children manage to master something so complex in a short time and without any systematic instruction. However, every child around his second year of life, with the capacity to start using a system comprising numerous grammatical principles that could not be learned because the available data about the system itself, is clearly insufficient.
The question is therefore whether it is possible to learn the grammar, because even for a professional linguist and made difficult by complex grammatical subtleties list involved in the creation of the sentences to be counted as 'correct', it is clearly stated in the wide variety of possible combinations. Studying a single paragraph brings to the table a rich analysis of subtle interrelationships coherent system within a grammatical system. Indeed, most of the prayers reducible to a mathematical structure are probably 'ungrammatical' and yet it is difficult to explain why these are 'wrong'.
Chomsky believes that the nature of language study is necessary to understand what happens in the body of the child with the information that enters the grammatical constructions and then emerge from it through the use of language. This makes it possible to build an idea about the mental operations of the agency and the transition between what goes in and what comes out. To understand the nature of grammatical rules that providers use in simple sentences, we have to propose abstract structures and direct connection with the physical facts that take form to enter data and can only be derived by abstract nature and mental operations .
Saturday, August 18, 2012
SystemRescueCd ( Rescuer Linux )
SystemRescueCd is a GNU / Linux bootable from cdrom for repairing your system and recover your data after a failure. It aims to provide an easy way to perform administrative tasks on your computer, such as creating and editing the partitions on your hard disk. It contains many system utilities (parted, partimage, fstools) and basic tools (editors, midnight commander, network tools). The goal is very easy to use: just boot from cdrom and you can do everything. The kernel of the system supports most important file systems (ext2/ext3, reiserfs, reiser4, xfs, jfs, vfat, ntfs, iso9660), and network ones (samba and nfs).
These are the main tools of the system:
GNU Party is the best tool to edit the partitions on your hard drive in Linux.
GParted is a Partition Magic clone for Linux.
Partimage is a clone of Ghost / Drive-image for Linux
Tools filesystems (e2fsprogs, reiserfsprogs, reiser4progs, xfsprogs, jfsutils, ntfsprogs, dosfstools): allow you to format, resize, debug an existing partition on your hard drive.
Sfdisk lets you backup and restore your partition table
SystemRescueCd is also available for the blind. Now, the screen reader version 1.5 linux speakup is working well, and the reader's keypad is installed speakup. This function was tested by Gregory Nowak.
You can make custom versions of the disc. For example, you can add your own scripts to perform an Automated System Recovery. You can also burn a customized DVD with SystemRescueCd and 4.2 GB for your data (backup, for example). Read the manual for details.
Very easy to install SystemRescueCd on an USB pendrive. This is handy if you can not boot from the CD. You just have to copy multiple files to USB stick and run syslinux. The installation process can be done from Linux or Windows. Follow the manual instrucciones for details.
SystemRescueCD
Wednesday, August 15, 2012
Wednesday, August 1, 2012
THE HITCHHIKER'S GUIDE TO THE GALAXY
"Far out in the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end of the Western Spiral arm of the Galaxy lies a small unregarded yellow sun. Orbiting this at a distance of roughly ninety-eight million miles is an utterly insignificant little blue-green planet whose ape-descended life forms are so amazingly primitive that they still think digital watches are a pretty neat idea."
--- Douglas Adams
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